Pakati pa zigawo zazikulu za basi yamagetsi yeniyeni, batire yamagetsi ili ngati "mtima" wa galimotoyo. Kagwiridwe kake ka ntchito, chitetezo chake, ndi nthawi yake yogwira ntchito zimatsimikizira mwachindunji kutalika kwa basi, kudalirika kwa ntchito, komanso chitetezo cha okwera. Chinsinsi chotsimikizira kuti "mtima" uwu ukugwira ntchito bwino ndiDongosolo Loyang'anira Kutentha kwa Mabatire (BTMS)Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri la basi yamagetsi yeniyeni, imagwira ntchito ngati "woyang'anira kutentha kwanzeru" wopangidwira batire yamagetsi, kulamulira kutentha kwa batire mwakachetechete, kulola basi kuti ligwire ntchito bwino komanso mosamala m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Dongosolo loyendetsera kutentha kwa mabatire amagetsi ndi dongosolo lanzeru lowongolera lomwe limaphatikiza kuwunika kutentha, kutentha, kuzizira, ndi kufananiza kutentha. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikusunga kutentha kwa paketi yamagetsi mkati mwa mulingo woyenera wogwirira ntchito wa 20-35℃, pomwe kuwongolera kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa maselo aliwonse mkati mwa paketi yamagetsi sikupitirira 3-5℃. Izi zimathetsa mavuto a kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, kufupikitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito, komanso kuopsa kowonjezereka kwa chitetezo cha mabatire amagetsi m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso otsika. Kwa mabasi amagetsi amagetsi omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo okwera kwambiri, mtunda wautali, komanso nthawi zambiri amachaja ndi kutulutsa, ndipo amakumana ndi malo ovuta monga kutentha kwambiri ndi kuzizira, kufunika kwa dongosololi kumadziwika.
Kuti mumvetse kufunika kwa njira yoyendetsera kutentha kwa batire, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kaye "zizolowezi" za mabatire amphamvu: mabatire a lithiamu ndi ofunikira kwambiri kutentha. Monga momwe anthu amagwirira ntchito bwino kutentha koyenera, mabatire amphamvu amapeza mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yolipirira ndi kutulutsa mphamvu komanso moyo wautali kwambiri mkati mwa kutentha kwawo koyenera, pomwe amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kutentha kothamanga. Kutentha kukakwera kwambiri, zochita zamkati mwa batire zimathamanga, zomwe sizimangopangitsa kuti liwiro lichepe komanso kuti magwiridwe antchito achepe komanso zochitika zina monga kuphulika ndi moto. Kutentha kukachepa kwambiri, mphamvu yolipirira ndi kutulutsa mphamvu ya batire imatsika kwambiri, ngakhale kuletsa kuyitanitsa ndi kuyamba bwino, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a basi, makamaka m'madera ozizira akumpoto. Ntchito yayikulu ya njira yoyendetsera kutentha kwa batire ndikuthana ndi mavuto awa, kuteteza batire yamagetsi.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya dongosolo loyendetsera kutentha kwa batri (BTMS) kwenikweni ndi kukwaniritsa kuwongolera kutentha kwa batri kudzera mu kusinthana kwa mphamvu mu circuit yotsekedwa. Njira yonseyi imayendetsedwa yokha ndi BMS popanda kuchitapo kanthu pamanja. Kutengera nyengo ndi kutentha kwa malo, dongosololi limagwira ntchito m'njira zitatu: kuziziritsa, kutentha, ndi kulinganiza kutentha, kusinthana mosinthasintha pakati pawo kuti zigwirizane ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito.
Mu nyengo yotentha kwambiri yachilimwe, makinawa amalowa munjira yozizira. Batire ikapanga kutentha kwakukulu poyendetsa kapena kuyitanitsa, ndipo sensa yotenthetsera ikazindikira kutentha kwa batire kopitilira 35°C, BMS nthawi yomweyo imapereka lamulo loti iyambitsepompu yamadzi yamagetsi,valavu yamadzi yamagetsi, ndi choziziritsira mpweya (kapena choziziritsira mpweya). Choziziritsira chimazungulira mu dera lotsekedwa, ndikuyamwa bwino kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi batri kudzera mu mbale yoziziritsira madzi kapena mapaipi a serpentine pansi pa paketi ya batri. Choziziritsira, chomwe chimanyamula kutentha, chimadutsa mu choziziritsira mpweya, ndikutulutsa kutentha kupita kumlengalenga wakunja. Kutentha kukatsika kufika pamlingo woyenera, makinawo amasinthira mphamvu yake yogwirira ntchito kuti asunge kutentha kokhazikika ndikuletsa kutentha kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa batri.
Mu nyengo yozizira yotsika kwambiri, makinawa amasintha kupita ku kutentha. Pamene kutentha kwa mlengalenga kwatsika pansi pa 10℃, zomwe zimalepheretsa batri yamagetsi kuti isachajidwe bwino, BMS (Battery Management System) imayambitsaChotenthetsera cha PTCkapena makina otenthetsera a galimoto kuti atenthetse chotenthetsera. Chotenthetsera chotenthetsera chimadutsa mu paketi ya batri, kusamutsa kutentha kupita ku selo iliyonse ndikutenthetsa pang'onopang'ono kutentha kwa batri kufika pa 10℃. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti batri imatha kutchaja ndikutulutsa mphamvu moyenera, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa vuto la kuchepa kwa liwiro m'nyengo yozizira. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mabasi ambiri amagetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi amagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa chotenthetsera ndi chotenthetsera cha PTC, kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kumayendetsedwa bwino pomwe kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuwonjezera liwiro.
Kupatula pa malamulo a kutentha kwambiri ndi otsika, kuwongolera kutentha kofanana ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya dongosolo loyendetsera kutentha kwa batri. Batri yamagetsi imakhala ndi maselo mazana kapena zikwizikwi olumikizidwa motsatizana komanso motsatizana. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa maselo kungayambitse kudzaza ndi kutulutsa mphamvu kwambiri kwa maselo ena, kufulumizitsa ukalamba komanso kupangitsa kuti maselo asamagwire bwino ntchito, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito onse komanso chitetezo cha batri. Chifukwa chake, dongosololi limakonza kapangidwe ka njira yoziziritsira kuti zitsimikizire kuti choziziritsira chikuyenda mofanana kudzera mu gawo lililonse la batri, kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kuli kofanana pa selo lililonse mkati mwa batri ndikuwonjezera moyo wonse wa batri.
Dongosolo lathunthu loyendetsera kutentha kwa batire la basi yamagetsi yoyera limakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana, palibe chomwe chingasiyidwe. Zosewerera kutentha zimakhala ndi udindo wosonkhanitsa deta ya kutentha nthawi yeniyeni kuchokera ku maselo a batire ndi choziziritsira, zomwe zimapereka maziko owongolera dongosolo; pampu yamadzi yamagetsi imapereka mphamvu yoyendera kwa choziziritsira, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati "gwero lamphamvu" losinthira mphamvu; ma valve amadzi amagetsi ali ndi udindo wosintha ma circuit, zomwe zimathandiza kusinthana kosinthasintha pakati pa njira zotenthetsera ndi zoziziritsira; ma radiator ndi ma chiller amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa kutentha nthawi yachilimwe, pomwe ma heater a PTC ndi makina otenthetsera a pampu yamagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera nthawi yozizira; chowongolera kutentha kwa batire (BMS kapena TMS) ndiye "ubongo" wa dongosolo lonse, kulumikiza deta ya kutentha, kupereka malamulo owongolera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosolo likugwira ntchito bwino; kuphatikiza apo, pali zigawo zothandizira monga mapaipi ozizira ndi matanki okulitsa kuti zitsimikizire kutseka ndi kukhazikika kwa ma circuit.
Pamene mabasi amagetsi enieni akupita patsogolo kupita kumtunda wautali, kudalirika kwambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ukadaulo wamakina oyendetsa kutentha kwa mabatire ukukulirakulira nthawi zonse. Kuyambira machitidwe oyambilira ozizira mpweya mpaka machitidwe otchuka amakono ozizira madzi, kenako mpaka mayankho ogwira ntchito bwino oyendetsa kutentha kuphatikiza mapampu otentha ndi kusintha kwanzeru kwa ma frequency, kulondola kwa kayendetsedwe ka kutentha kwa makinawo, mphamvu yosunga mphamvu, komanso kudalirika kumakonzedwa nthawi zonse. Masiku ano, makina apamwamba oyendetsa kutentha kwa mabatire samangokwaniritsa kuwongolera kutentha molondola komanso amalumikizana ndi makina oziziritsa mpweya ndi magetsi agalimoto kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagalimoto ndikukweza ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Monga "thermostat" ya mabasi amagetsi oyera, njira yoyendetsera kutentha kwa mabasi sikuti imateteza chitetezo ndi moyo wa batri yamagetsi yokha komanso imathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mabasi amagetsi oyera poyendera anthu onse. Imathetsa mavuto ogwirira ntchito mabasi amagetsi oyera m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso otsika, imakulitsa kudalirika kwa magalimoto ndi chitetezo, ndikuyika maziko olimba ofalitsa mabasi atsopano amagetsi. M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wa batri yamagetsi komanso luso lopitilira muukadaulo woyendetsera kutentha, njira zoyendetsera kutentha kwa mabasi zidzakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri, zanzeru, komanso zosunga mphamvu, zomwe zimabweretsa mphamvu zambiri pakukula kwa mabasi amagetsi oyera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Mar-03-2026
