Mabasi atsopano amphamvu (mabasi a anthu onse, mabasi okwera anthu, mabasi oyendera alendo, ndi zina zotero), monga magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi bizinesi, ali ndi makhalidwe akuluakulu monga mphamvu ya batri lalikulu, kapangidwe ka batri yogawidwa, zofunikira kwambiri pakuchaja mwachangu, kugwira ntchito panja ndi zinthu zonse zofunikira, komanso mphamvu ya okwera.Dongosolo Loyang'anira Kutentha kwa Mabatire (BTMS)si "chipangizo chowongolera kutentha kwa batri" chabe, koma ndi njira yofunikira yotsimikizira chitetezo cha mabasi, nthawi ya batri, magwiridwe antchito abwino, komanso kukhazikika kwa mtunda. Ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limasiyanitsa kayendetsedwe ka kutentha kwa mabasi atsopano ndi ka magalimoto okwera anthu.
Dongosololi, lopangidwira magwiridwe antchito a mabatire amagetsi a mabasi (makamaka lithiamu iron phosphate, yokhala ndi lithiamu yochepa ya ternary), limagwiritsa ntchito ntchito monga kuwongolera kutentha, kubwezeretsa kutentha kotayira, kulamulira kutentha kofanana, komanso kuwongolera kutentha mwachangu kuti likhazikitse kutentha kwa batire mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera yogwirira ntchito ya 25 ~ 35℃. Limakwaniritsanso miyezo yofunikira yachitetezo ya muyezo wadziko lonse wa "Zofunikira pa Chitetezo cha Mabatire Amagetsi a Magalimoto Amagetsi" (GB 38031), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yofunika kwambiri yogwirira ntchito mabasi atsopano amphamvu.
I. Mtengo Wofunika Kwambiri wa BTMS pa Mabasi Atsopano a Mphamvu
Poyerekeza ndi magalimoto onyamula anthu,BTMS yamagalimoto amagetsiMabasi (mabasi) amayang'ana kwambiri pa **"ntchito, ndipo mfundo zazikulu zimayang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ndi yotetezeka, osati kungowonjezera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. Uku ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kayendetsedwe ka kutentha m'mabasi ndi magalimoto okwera anthu:
1. Kuletsa Kuthamanga kwa Matenthedwe ndi Kuonetsetsa Kuti Magalimoto Akugwira Ntchito Mwachitetezo
Mabatire atsopano a mabasi amphamvu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu ya 100-300kWh, opangidwa ndi ma module ambiri a batire olumikizidwa motsatizana komanso motsatizana. Kuwonekera panja, katundu wambiri panthawi yoyendetsa phiri, komanso mphamvu yamagetsi yokwera kwambiri panthawi yochaja mwachangu zingayambitse kutentha kwambiri pamalopo.dongosolo loyendetsera kutentha kwa batri, kudzera mu kuziziritsa kwachangu, kuyang'anira kutentha, ndi machenjezo okhudza kutentha, kumaletsa kuphulika kwa mabatire, ma short circuits, ndi kutentha, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ngozi m'mabasi (zofunikira zachitetezo cha mabasi/magalimoto okwera ndi zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zamagalimoto okwera).
2. Kukulitsa Moyo wa Batri ndi Kuchepetsa Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito
Batire yamagetsi ndiye mtengo waukulu wa mabasi atsopano amphamvu (omwe ndi 30%-40%), ndipo moyo wa batire wa galimoto yogwira ntchito umatsimikiza mwachindunji mtengo wonse wa moyo wa galimoto imodzi. Pakukwera kulikonse kwa kutentha kwa 1°C, moyo wa batire ya lithiamu umachepa ndi pafupifupi 2%; kuyatsa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu pa kutentha kochepa kungayambitse kupangika kwa lithiamu kosasinthika.kasamalidwe ka kutentha kwa magalimoto amagetsi, kudzera mu kuwongolera kutentha kolondola, imatha kukulitsa moyo wa mabatire a basi kuyambira zaka 3-4 (pafupifupi ma cycle 2000) mpaka zaka 5-6 (pafupifupi ma cycle 3000), zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zosinthira mabatire kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Kusintha momwe mabasi amalizidwira mofulumira kumathandizira kuti mabasi azigwira ntchito mwachangu. Mabasi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolipirira mwachangu ya mphindi 3-10 (mphamvu yolipirira mwachangu imatha kufika pa 300-500A). Kulipirira mphamvu yapamwamba kumapanga kutentha kwakukulu mwachangu. Ngati sikuziziritsidwa pakapita nthawi, batire imayambitsa chitetezo cha kutentha kwambiri ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yolipirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yolipirira ikhale yayitali. Ntchito yodziyimira payokha ya BTMS yolipirira kutentha mwachangu imatha kuwongolera kutentha kwa batire mwachangu momwe ingathere, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu yolipirira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mabasi akugwira ntchito bwino.
3. Kukhazikitsa mphamvu ya batri yochaja ndi kutulutsa mphamvu kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa malo ogwirira ntchito. Mabasi atsopano amphamvu amagwira ntchito m'njira zokhazikika (mabasi) kapena mtunda wautali (kunyamula anthu), zomwe zimafuna kukhazikika kwa malo okwera. Kutentha kwambiri kumachepetsa mphamvu ya batri yotulutsa mphamvu, pomwe kutentha kochepa kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya 30%–50%. BTMS (Battery Thermal Management System) imakhazikitsa mphamvu ya batri yotulutsa mphamvu/yotulutsa mphamvu yoposa 90% kudzera mu kuziziritsa kwamphamvu pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutentha kwachangu pa kutentha kochepa, kuteteza kutayika kwa mphamvu ndi kuwonongeka chifukwa cha mavuto a kutentha kwa batri panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kukonza kutentha kwa batire kumateteza kuwonongeka msanga kwa ma modules payokha. Ma batire m'mabasi atsopano amphamvu nthawi zambiri amagawidwa (denga, mbali za chassis, kumbuyo). Ma modules a batire m'malo osiyanasiyana amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa mlengalenga (monga, ma modules a denga omwe amakumana ndi kutentha kwakukulu, ma modules a chassis pa kutentha kochepa), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kosiyana kwambiri (>5℃) pakati pa ma modules, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kudzaza kwambiri, kutulutsa mphamvu kwambiri, komanso kuwonongeka msanga kwa ma modules payokha. BTMS, kudzera mu malamulo ofanana a kutentha, imalamulira kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa ma modules mkati mwa batire mpaka **≤3℃**, kuonetsetsa kuti batire yonse ikugwirizana bwino ndikuletsa "module imodzi kukokera pansi paketi yonse." 4. Kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. BTMS yapamwamba kwambiri idzaphatikiza kubwezeretsanso kutentha kotayika kwa injini ya basi, kulamulira zamagetsi ndi makina oziziritsa mpweya kuti m'malo mwa kutentha kwamagetsi kwa PTC kwachikhalidwe (kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumatha kufika 10~20kW), kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotenthetsera batire pa kutentha kochepa, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya basi ndi 15%~20% m'nyengo yozizira, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutchaja ndi ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-26-2026
