Chidule chachidule cha Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS)

Kufunika kwa mabatire amagetsi ngati gwero lalikulu lamagetsi a magalimoto atsopano amagetsi n'kodziwikiratu. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni magalimoto, batireyo imakumana ndi zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito. Kuti akonze bwino malo oyendetsera, magalimoto amafunika kukonza mabatire ambiri momwe angathere pamalo enaake, kotero malo a batire pagalimoto ndi ochepa kwambiri. Mabatire amapanga kutentha kwakukulu panthawi yogwira ntchito ya galimoto ndipo amasonkhana pakapita nthawi m'malo ochepa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mabatire mkati mwa batire, zimapangitsanso kuti zikhale zovuta kutulutsa kutentha pakati, zomwe zimawonjezera kusagwirizana kwa kutentha pakati pa mabatire. Zotsatira zake, zimachepetsa kuyatsa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu kwa batire ndikukhudza mphamvu yake; Pazochitika zoopsa, zimathanso kuyambitsa kutayika kwa kutentha, zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo ndi moyo wa dongosolo.
Kutentha kwa mabatire amagetsi kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito awo, moyo wawo, komanso chitetezo chawo. Pa kutentha kochepa, mabatire a lithiamu-ion amatha kukhala ndi kukana kwamkati komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, izi zitha kupangitsa kuti electrolyte izizire komanso kuti batire isatulutse mphamvu. Kugwira ntchito kwa batire pa kutentha kochepa kumakhudzidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zigwire ntchito komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi. Pochaja magalimoto atsopano pa kutentha kochepa, BMS nthawi zambiri imatenthetsa batire mpaka kutentha koyenera isanachajidwe. Ngati sichingasamalidwe bwino, chingayambitse kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi aziyenda pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zingayambitse utsi, moto, komanso kuphulika. Mavuto achitetezo pakuchaja kutentha kochepa m'mabatire amagetsi amagetsi aletsa kwambiri kukwezedwa kwa magalimoto amagetsi m'malo ozizira.
Kusamalira kutentha kwa batrindi chimodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri mu BMS, makamaka kuonetsetsa kuti batire ikhoza kugwira ntchito mkati mwa kutentha koyenera, potero kusunga momwe batire imagwirira ntchito bwino.kasamalidwe ka kutentha kwa mabatireMakamaka zimaphatikizapo ntchito monga kuziziritsa, kutentha, ndi kusinthasintha kutentha. Ntchito zoziziritsa ndi kutentha zimasinthidwa makamaka malinga ndi momwe kutentha kwakunja kwa chilengedwe kungakhudzire batire. Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa kutentha mkati mwa paketi ya batire ndikuletsa kuwola mwachangu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa gawo linalake la batire.
Kawirikawiri, njira zoziziritsira mabatire amagetsi zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: kuziziritsa mpweya, kuziziritsa madzi, ndi kuziziritsa mwachindunji. Njira yoziziritsira mpweya imagwiritsa ntchito mphepo yachilengedwe kapena mpweya wozizira kuchokera m'chipinda chonyamulira anthu kuti idutse pamwamba pa batire kuti isinthe kutentha ndi kuziziritsa. Kuziziritsa madzi nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi odziyimira pawokha oziziritsira kutentha kapena kuziziritsa mabatire amagetsi. Pakadali pano, njira iyi ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino yoziziritsira, monga momwe Tesla ndi Volt amagwiritsira ntchito. Njira yoziziritsira mwachindunji imachotsa njira yoziziritsira batire yamagetsi ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito refrigerant mwachindunji kuti iziritse batire yamagetsi.
1. Makina oziziritsira mpweya:
Mabatire amagetsi akale, chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zochepa komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, nthawi zambiri ankazizidwa ndi kuzizira kwa mpweya. Kuziziritsa mpweya kumagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kuziziritsa mpweya mwachilengedwe ndi kuzizira kwa mpweya mokakamizidwa (pogwiritsa ntchito mafani), omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wachilengedwe kapena mpweya wozizira wochokera m'kabati kuti aziziritse batire.
Magalimoto oziziritsa mpweya ndi monga Nissan Leaf, Kia Soul EV, ndi ena; Pakadali pano, mabatire a 48V a magalimoto a 48V micro hybrid nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'chipinda chonyamulira anthu ndipo amaziziritsidwa ndi mpweya. Chithunzi cha njira yoziziritsira mpweya cha batire yamphamvu inayake chikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 2. Kapangidwe ka makina oziziritsa mpweya ndi kosavuta, ukadaulo wake ndi wokhwima, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika. Komabe, chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa komwe kumatengedwa ndi mpweya, mphamvu yake yosamutsa kutentha ndi yotsika, ndipo kutentha kwamkati kwa batire ndi kofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwongolera kutentha kwa batire molondola. Chifukwa chake, makina oziziritsa mpweya nthawi zambiri amakhala oyenera mikhalidwe yokhala ndi nthawi yochepa yoyendetsa komanso kulemera kopepuka kwa galimoto.
2. Makina ozizira amadzimadzi
Njira yoziziritsira madzi imatanthauza batire yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira kuti isinthane kutentha, ndipo chithunzi chake cha schematic chikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 3. Choziziritsira chimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi maselo a batire (mafuta a silicone, mafuta a castor, ndi zina zotero) ndi kukhudzana ndi maselo a batire kudzera m'njira zamadzi (madzi ndi ethylene glycol, ndi zina zotero); Pakadali pano, njira zosakanikirana zamadzi ndi ethylene glycol zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Makina oziziritsira madzi nthawi zambiri amawonjezera choziziritsira cholumikizidwa ndi kuzungulira kwa firiji, komwe kumachotsa kutentha kuchokera ku batire kudzera mu refrigerant; Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi compressor, chiller, ndipompu yamadzi. Compressor, monga gwero la mphamvu yoziziritsira, imatsimikiza mphamvu yosamutsira kutentha kwa dongosolo lonse. Chiller imagwira ntchito posinthana kwa refrigerant ndi coolant, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kusinthana kutentha kumatsimikiza mwachindunji kutentha kwa coolant. Pampu yamadzi imatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa madzi oziziritsira mupaipi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi oyenda mofulumira, kumawonetsa bwino momwe kutentha kumayendera, komanso mosemphanitsa.

3. Makina ozizira mwachindunji:

Dongosolo loziziritsira mwachindunji limagwiritsa ntchito refrigerant ya dongosolo loziziritsira mpweya kuti liziziritse batire yamagetsi mwachindunji, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 11. Evaporator ya dongosolo loziziritsira mpweya imayikidwa mwachindunji mu dongosolo la batire, ndipo refrigerant imaphwa mu evaporator kuti ichotse kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi dongosolo la batire mwachindunji, motero zimapangitsa kuti kuziziritsa kukhale kofulumira komanso kogwira mtima. Pakadali pano, pali mitundu yochepa yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsira mwachindunji, ndipo yodziwika kwambiri ndi BMW i3. Chifukwa chosowa kusinthana kwa kutentha pakati pa zakumwa, dongosolo loziziritsira lili ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono, kuziziritsa bwino kwambiri (kuposa kuzizira kwamadzimadzi nthawi 3-4), komanso mtengo wotsika. Koma vuto lili m'chakuti chifukwa cha kusintha kwa gasi ndi madzi mufiriji, kuwongolera dongosolo lonse ndi kovuta ndipo kufanana kwa kutentha ndi koipa. Ndipo ili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakukana kuthamanga kwambiri ndi kutseka dongosolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito mgalimoto yonse.