Kafukufuku Wokhudza Ukadaulo Wokhudza Kusamalira Kutentha kwa Batri ya Lithium ya Magalimoto Atsopano Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu

1. Makhalidwe a mabatire a lithiamu pamagalimoto atsopano amphamvu

Mabatire a Lithium ali ndi ubwino wochepa wotulutsa mphamvu, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, nthawi yayitali yozungulira, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu ngati chipangizo chachikulu cha mphamvu zatsopano ndikofanana ndi kupeza gwero labwino lamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, popanga zigawo zazikulu zamagalimoto atsopano amphamvu, paketi ya batire ya lithiamu yokhudzana ndi selo ya batire ya lithiamu yakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri lapakati komanso gawo lofunikira lomwe limapereka mphamvu. Pantchito ya mabatire a lithiamu, pali zofunikira zina pa malo ozungulira. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyesera, kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kogwira ntchito kumasungidwa pa 20°C mpaka 40°C. Kutentha kozungulira batire kukapitirira malire omwe afotokozedwa, magwiridwe antchito a batire ya lithiamu adzachepa kwambiri, ndipo moyo wautumiki udzachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa kutentha kozungulira batire ya lithiamu ndi kotsika kwambiri, mphamvu yomaliza yotulutsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu zidzasiyana ndi muyezo wokonzedweratu, ndipo padzakhala kutsika kwakukulu.

Ngati kutentha kwa mlengalenga kuli kokwera kwambiri, mwayi woti batire ya lithiamu itha kutentha kwambiri udzawonjezeka, ndipo kutentha kwamkati kudzasonkhana pamalo enaake, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto akulu okhudzana ndi kutentha. Ngati gawo ili la kutentha silingathe kutumizidwa kunja bwino, pamodzi ndi nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito ya batire ya lithiamu, batireyo imatha kuphulika. Kuopsa kwa chitetezo kumeneku kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu ku chitetezo cha munthu, kotero mabatire a lithiamu ayenera kudalira zida zoziziritsira zamagetsi kuti apititse patsogolo chitetezo cha zida zonse zikagwira ntchito. Zitha kuwoneka kuti ofufuza akamalamulira kutentha kwa mabatire a lithiamu, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zakunja mwanzeru kutumiza kutentha ndikuwongolera kutentha koyenera kwa mabatire a lithiamu. Kuwongolera kutentha kukafika pamlingo woyenera, cholinga choyendetsa bwino magalimoto atsopano amphamvu sichidzawopsezedwa.

2. Njira yopangira kutentha kwa batri ya lithiamu yamagetsi atsopano

Ngakhale mabatire awa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zida zamagetsi, pogwiritsira ntchito kwenikweni, kusiyana pakati pawo kumawonekera kwambiri. Mabatire ena ali ndi zovuta zazikulu, kotero opanga magalimoto atsopano amagetsi ayenera kusankha mosamala. Mwachitsanzo, batire ya lead-acid imapereka mphamvu zokwanira ku nthambi yapakati, koma idzawononga kwambiri chilengedwe chozungulira panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndipo kuwonongeka kumeneku sikungakonzedwenso pambuyo pake. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kuteteza chitetezo cha chilengedwe, dzikolo layika mabatire a Lead-acid omwe ali pamndandanda woletsedwa. Panthawi yomanga, mabatire a nickel-metal hydride apeza mwayi wabwino, ukadaulo wopangira wakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ntchito kwakulanso. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi mabatire a lithiamu, zovuta zake ndizodziwikiratu pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, n'zovuta kwa opanga mabatire wamba kuwongolera mtengo wopanga mabatire a nickel-metal hydride. Zotsatira zake, mtengo wa mabatire a nickel-hydrogen pamsika wakhalabe wokwera. Mitundu ina yatsopano yamagalimoto amphamvu omwe amatsata magwiridwe antchito amtengo sangaganizire kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati zida zamagalimoto. Chofunika kwambiri, mabatire a Ni-MH ndi osavuta kwambiri kutentha kwa malo kuposa mabatire a lithiamu, ndipo amatha kuyaka chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Pambuyo poyerekezera kangapo, mabatire a lithiamu amaonekera bwino ndipo tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto atsopano amphamvu.

Chifukwa chomwe mabatire a lithiamu amatha kupereka mphamvu kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndichakuti ma electrode awo abwino ndi oipa ali ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito. Panthawi yophatikiza ndi kutulutsa zinthu mosalekeza, mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi zimapezeka, kenako malinga ndi mfundo yosinthira mphamvu, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu ya kinetic. Kuti akwaniritse cholinga chosinthana, motero kupereka mphamvu yamphamvu ku magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, amatha kukwaniritsa cholinga choyenda ndi galimoto. Nthawi yomweyo, selo ya batri ya lithiamu ikakumana ndi mankhwala, idzakhala ndi ntchito yoyamwa kutentha ndikutulutsa kutentha kuti isinthe mphamvu yonse. Kuphatikiza apo, atomu ya lithiamu siili yokhazikika, imatha kuyenda mosalekeza pakati pa electrolyte ndi diaphragm, ndipo pali kukana kwamkati kwa polarization.

Tsopano, kutentha kudzatulutsidwanso moyenera. Komabe, kutentha kozungulira batire ya lithiamu ya magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zolekanitsa zabwino ndi zoyipa. Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe ka batire yatsopano ya lithiamu yamphamvu kamapangidwa ndi mabatire angapo. Kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi mabatire onse kumaposa kwambiri kwa batire imodzi. Kutentha kukapitirira mtengo wokonzedweratu, batireyo imakhala ndi vuto lalikulu lophulika.

3. Ukadaulo wofunikira wa kasamalidwe ka kutentha kwa batri

Kwa makina oyendetsera mabatire a magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, kunyumba ndi kunja, apereka chidwi chachikulu, ayambitsa kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana, ndipo apeza zotsatira zambiri. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwunika kolondola kwa mphamvu yotsala ya batire ya makina atsopano oyendetsera mabatire amagetsi, kasamalidwe ka batire ndi ukadaulo wofunikira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mudongosolo loyendetsera kutentha.

3.1 Njira yowunikira mphamvu yotsalira yamagetsi yoyendetsera kutentha kwa batri
Ofufuza agwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso khama lalikulu poyesa SOC, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms asayansi monga ampere-hour integral method, linear model method, neural network method ndi Kalman filter method kuti achite ma simulation ambiri. Komabe, zolakwika zowerengera nthawi zambiri zimachitika panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi. Ngati cholakwikacho sichikonzedwa pakapita nthawi, kusiyana pakati pa zotsatira zowerengera kumakhala kwakukulu. Pofuna kubwezeretsa cholakwikachi, ofufuza nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza njira yowunikira ya Anshi ndi njira zina kuti atsimikizirene, kuti apeze zotsatira zolondola kwambiri. Ndi deta yolondola, ofufuza amatha kuyerekeza molondola mphamvu yotulutsa ya batri.

3.2 Kuyang'anira bwino kayendedwe ka kutentha kwa batri
Kuyang'anira bwino kwa dongosolo loyendetsera kutentha kwa batri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kugwirizanitsa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi gawo lililonse la batri yamagetsi. Mabatire osiyanasiyana akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, mphamvu ndi mphamvu zidzakhala zosiyana. Pakadali pano, kayendetsedwe kabwino kamagetsi kayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi. Kusasinthasintha. Pakadali pano njira yoyendetsera bwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

Yagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kulinganiza zinthu mopanda kusokoneza ndi kulinganiza zinthu mogwira ntchito. Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, mfundo zogwiritsira ntchito njira ziwirizi zolinganiza zinthu zimasiyana kwambiri.

(1) Kulinganiza kosachita. Mfundo ya kulinganiza kosachita zinthu imagwiritsa ntchito ubale wofanana pakati pa mphamvu ya batri ndi magetsi, kutengera deta ya magetsi ya chingwe chimodzi cha mabatire, ndipo kusintha kwa awiriwa nthawi zambiri kumachitika kudzera mu kutulutsa mphamvu: mphamvu ya batri yamphamvu kwambiri imapanga kutentha kudzera mu kutentha kokana, Kenako imafalikira mumlengalenga kuti ikwaniritse cholinga chotaya mphamvu. Komabe, njira iyi yolinganiza siyikukweza magwiridwe antchito a batri. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kutaya kutentha sikuli kofanana, batri silingathe kumaliza ntchito yoyang'anira kutentha kwa batri chifukwa cha vuto la kutentha kwambiri.

(2) Kulinganiza kogwira ntchito. Kulinganiza kogwira ntchito ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi kulinganiza kosagwira ntchito, chomwe chimakwaniritsa zovuta za kulinganiza kosagwira ntchito. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a mfundo yodziwira, mfundo ya kulinganiza kogwira ntchito sikutanthauza mfundo ya kulinganiza kosagwira ntchito, koma imagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro latsopano losiyana kotheratu: kulinganiza kogwira ntchito sikusintha mphamvu yamagetsi ya batri kukhala mphamvu yotentha ndikuichotsa, kotero kuti mphamvu yayikulu imasamutsidwa. Mphamvu yochokera ku batri imasamutsidwa ku batri yamphamvu yochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu wa kutumiza suphwanya lamulo losunga mphamvu, ndipo uli ndi zabwino za kutayika kochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri, komanso zotsatira zachangu. Komabe, kapangidwe ka kasamalidwe ka kulinganiza ndi kovuta kwambiri. Ngati malo olinganiza sakuyendetsedwa bwino, angayambitse kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa paketi ya batri yamagetsi chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu. Mwachidule, kasamalidwe kogwira ntchito kosagwira ntchito komanso kasamalidwe kosagwira ntchito kali ndi zovuta komanso zabwino. Mu ntchito zinazake, ofufuza amatha kusankha malinga ndi mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa zingwe za mapaketi a batri a lithiamu. Mabatire a lithiamu okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso ochepa ndi oyenera kuyang'anira equalization, ndipo mabatire a lithiamu okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso amphamvu ndi oyenera kuyang'anira equalization.

3.3 Ukadaulo waukulu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo loyendetsera kutentha kwa batri
(1) Dziwani kutentha koyenera kwa batri. Dongosolo loyendetsera kutentha limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kugwirizanitsa kutentha mozungulira batri, kotero kuti zitsimikizire kuti njira yoyendetsera kutentha ikugwira ntchito, ukadaulo wofunikira womwe ofufuza adapanga umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kudziwa kutentha kogwira ntchito kwa batri. Bola kutentha kwa batri kumasungidwa mkati mwa mulingo woyenera, batri ya lithiamu nthawi zonse imakhala pamalo abwino ogwirira ntchito, kupereka mphamvu zokwanira zogwirira ntchito zamagalimoto atsopano amphamvu. Mwanjira imeneyi, magwiridwe antchito a batri ya lithiamu yamagalimoto atsopano amphamvu nthawi zonse amakhala pamalo abwino kwambiri.

(2) Kuwerengera kutentha kwa batri ndi kuneneratu kutentha. Ukadaulo uwu umaphatikizapo kuwerengera kwa masamu ambiri. Asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowerengera zofanana kuti apeze kusiyana kwa kutentha mkati mwa batri, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito izi ngati maziko olosera momwe kutentha kungayendere pa batri.

(3) Kusankha njira yosamutsira kutentha. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa njira yoyendetsera kutentha kumadalira kusankha njira yosamutsira kutentha. Magalimoto ambiri atsopano amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya/choziziritsira ngati njira yoziziritsira. Njira yoziziritsirayi ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yotsika mtengo popanga, ndipo imatha kukwaniritsa cholinga chotaya kutentha kwa batri. (Chotenthetsera Mpweya cha PTC/Chotenthetsera Choziziritsira cha PTC)

(4) Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe ka mpweya wopuma komanso kutentha komwe kumayenderana. Kapangidwe ka mpweya wopuma komanso kutentha komwe kumayenderana pakati pa mabatire a lithiamu kungathandize kukulitsa kuyenda kwa mpweya kuti ugawane mofanana pakati pa mabatire, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa mabatire.

(5) Kusankha malo oyezera kutentha ndi fan. Mu gawoli, ofufuza adagwiritsa ntchito mayeso ambiri kuti awerengere mozama, kenako adagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakaniko amadzimadzi kuti apeze mphamvu zomwe fan imagwiritsa ntchito. Pambuyo pake, ofufuza adzagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zocheperako kuti apeze malo oyenera kwambiri oyezera kutentha kuti apeze molondola deta ya kutentha kwa batri.