Chidule cha Kasamalidwe ka Kutentha kwa Kabati (Kukonza Mpweya wa Magalimoto)

Makina oziziritsira mpweya ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kutentha kwa magalimoto. Madalaivala ndi okwera amafuna chitonthozo m'magalimoto awo. Ntchito yayikulu ya makina oziziritsira mpweya m'galimoto ndikuwongolera kutentha, chinyezi, ndi kuyenda kwa mpweya m'chipinda cha okwera kuti apange malo oyendetsera bwino komanso okwera. Mfundo yayikulu ya makina oziziritsira mpweya m'galimoto imachokera pa mfundo ya kutentha kwa mpweya yomwe imayamwa kutentha ndi kuzizira komwe kumatulutsa kutentha, motero kuziziritsa kapena kutenthetsa chipinda. Kutentha kwakunja kukachepa, kumapereka mpweya wotentha m'chipinda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dalaivala ndi okwera asamamve kuzizira kwambiri; kutentha kwakunja kukakwera, kumapereka mpweya wozizira m'chipinda, zomwe zimapangitsa dalaivala ndi okwera kumva kuzizira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, makina oziziritsira mpweya m'galimoto amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuziziritsira mpweya m'chipinda ndi chitonthozo cha okwera. 

1.1 Dongosolo Lachikhalidwe Lopumira Mpweya wa Magalimoto Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta ndi Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito Machitidwe achikhalidwe opumira mpweya wa magalimoto ogwiritsira ntchito mafuta makamaka amakhala ndi zigawo zinayi: evaporator, condenser, compressor, ndi expansion valve. Air conditioner yamagalimoto imakhala ndi makina oziziritsira, makina otenthetsera, ndi makina opumira mpweya; machitidwe atatuwa amapanga makina onse opumira mpweya wa magalimoto. Mfundo yopumira mpweya m'magalimoto achikhalidwe ogwiritsira ntchito mafuta imaphatikizapo magawo anayi: kukanikiza, kuzizira, kukulitsa, ndi kuzizira. Mfundo yopumira ya magalimoto achikhalidwe ogwiritsira ntchito mafuta imagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kotayika kuchokera ku injini kuti itenthetse chipinda cha okwera. Choyamba, choziziritsira chotentha kwambiri kuchokera ku jekete lamadzi ozizira la injini chimalowa mkati mwa chotenthetsera. Fani imapumira mpweya wozizira kudutsa pakati pa chotenthetsera, ndipo mpweya wotentha umapumira m'chipinda cha okwera kuti utenthetse kapena kusungunula mawindo. Choziziritsira chimabwerera ku injini chikatuluka mu chotenthetsera, ndikumaliza kuzungulira kamodzi.

1.2 Dongosolo Latsopano Loziziritsa Mpweya wa Magalimoto ndi Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito

Magalimoto atsopano amphamvu amasiyana kwambiri ndi magalimoto achikhalidwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Magalimoto achikhalidwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta amagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa injini komwe kumasamutsidwa kupita ku chipinda cha okwera kudzera mu coolant kuti kuwonjezere kutentha kwake. Komabe, magalimoto atsopano amphamvu alibe injini, kotero palibe njira yotenthetsera yoyendetsedwa ndi injini. Chifukwa chake, magalimoto atsopano amphamvu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zina zotenthetsera. Njira zingapo zotenthetsera mpweya woziziritsa mphamvu zamagalimoto atsopano zafotokozedwa pansipa. 

1) Kutentha kwa Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) Thermistor: Gawo lalikulu la PTC ndi thermistor, yomwe imatenthedwa ndi waya wotenthetsera, zomwe zimasandutsa mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yotentha mwachindunji. Makina otenthetsera oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya a PTC (Potentially Transmitted Central) amalowa m'malo mwa heater yachikhalidwe m'magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi mafuta ndi heater ya PTC. Fani imakoka mpweya wakunja kudzera mu heater ya PTC, imatenthetsa, kenako n’kupereka mpweya wotenthetsera m'chipinda cha okwera. Chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi mwachindunji, mphamvu zomwe magalimoto atsopano amagwiritsa ntchito zimakhala zambiri heater ikayaka.

 

2) Chotenthetsera madzi cha PTCKutentha: MongaChotenthetsera mpweya cha PTCmakina, makina oziziritsidwa ndi madzi a PTC amapanga kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Komabe, makina oziziritsidwa ndi madzi choyamba amatenthetsa choziziritsira ndiChotenthetsera cha PTC. Choziziritsira chikatenthedwa kufika pa kutentha kwinakwake, chimapopedwa m'kati mwa choziziritsira, komwe chimasinthasintha kutentha ndi mpweya wozungulira. Kenako fani imatumiza mpweya wotenthedwawo m'chipinda chonyamulira anthu kuti itenthe mipando. Choziziritsiracho chimatenthedwanso ndi choziziritsira cha PTC, ndipo kuzungulirako kumabwerezabwereza. Dongosolo lotenthetserali ndi lodalirika komanso lotetezeka kuposa makina oziziritsira mpweya a PTC.

 

3) Dongosolo Loziziritsira Mpweya la Pampu Yotenthetsera: Mfundo ya dongosolo loziziritsira mpweya la pampu yotenthetsera ndi yofanana ndi ya dongosolo lachikhalidwe la zoziziritsira mpweya zamagalimoto. Komabe, dongosolo loziziritsira mpweya la pampu yotenthetsera limatha kusinthana pakati pa kutentha ndi kuziziritsa m'nyumba. Chifukwa chakuti choziziritsira mpweya cha pampu yotenthetsera sichigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi mwachindunji pakutenthetsera, mphamvu zake zimakhala zapamwamba kuposa za zotenthetsera za PTC. Pakadali pano, makina oziziritsira mpweya a pampu yotenthetsera akupanga kale zambiri m'magalimoto ena.