Kusanthula kwa Njira Yoyendetsera Kutentha kwa Batri Yamagetsi Yosinthira Kutentha

Chimodzi mwa ukadaulo wofunikira wa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi mabatire amphamvu. Ubwino wa mabatire umatsimikizira mtengo wa magalimoto amagetsi kumbali imodzi, ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi kumbali inayo. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti avomerezedwe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu.

Malinga ndi makhalidwe ogwiritsira ntchito, zofunikira ndi magawo ogwiritsira ntchito mabatire amagetsi, mitundu yofufuzira ndi kupanga mabatire amagetsi kunyumba ndi kunja ndi: mabatire a lead-acid, mabatire a nickel-cadmium, mabatire a nickel-metal hydride, mabatire a lithiamu-ion, maselo amafuta, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabatire a lithiamu-ion azisamalidwa kwambiri.

Khalidwe lopanga kutentha kwa batri yamagetsi

Gwero la kutentha, kuchuluka kwa kutentha, mphamvu ya kutentha kwa batri ndi zina zokhudzana ndi gawo la batri yamagetsi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa batri. Kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi batri kumadalira mtundu wa mankhwala, makina ndi magetsi komanso mawonekedwe a batri, makamaka mtundu wa reaction ya electrochemical. Mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imapangidwa mu reaction ya batri imatha kufotokozedwa ndi kutentha kwa reaction ya batri Qr; polarization ya electrochemical imapangitsa kuti voltage yeniyeni ya batri isiyane ndi mphamvu yake yofanana ya electromotive, ndipo kutayika kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha polarization ya batri kumafotokozedwa ndi Qp. Kuphatikiza pa reaction ya batri yomwe imachitika motsatira equation ya reaction, palinso zina zomwe zimachitika. Zomwe zimachitika m'mbali zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa electrolyte ndi kudzitulutsa kwa batri. Kutentha kwa mbali komwe kumapangidwa mu njirayi ndi Qs. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa batri iliyonse idzakhala ndi kukana, Joule heat Qj idzapangidwa pamene mphamvu yamagetsi idutsa. Chifukwa chake, kutentha konse kwa batri ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa zinthu zotsatirazi: Qt=Qr+Qp+Qs+Qj.

Kutengera ndi njira yeniyeni yolipirira (kutulutsa), zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batire ipange kutentha zimasiyananso. Mwachitsanzo, batire ikamalizidwa nthawi zambiri, Qr ndiye chinthu chachikulu; ndipo pamapeto pake batire ikamalizidwa, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa electrolyte, zochitika zam'mbali zimayamba kuchitika (kutentha kwa mbali ndi Qs), batire ikamalizidwa pafupifupi mokwanira komanso kudzaza kwambiri, chomwe chimachitika kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa electrolyte, komwe Qs imalamulira. Joule heat Qj imadalira mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kukana. Njira yolipirira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri imachitika pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi yosasintha, ndipo Qj ndi mtengo wake panthawiyi. Komabe, panthawi yoyambira ndi kuthamangitsa, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yokwera kwambiri. Pa HEV, izi ndizofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya ma ampere makumi ambiri mpaka ma ampere mazana ambiri. Pakadali pano, Joule heat Qj ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imakhala gwero lalikulu la kutulutsa kutentha kwa batire.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a kayendetsedwe ka kutentha, machitidwe oyendetsera kutentha amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: yogwira ntchito ndi yosagwira ntchito. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a njira yosamutsira kutentha, machitidwe oyendetsera kutentha amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: yoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya, yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi, ndi yosungira kutentha yosintha gawo.

Kusamalira kutentha ndi mpweya ngati njira yosamutsira kutentha

Chosinthira kutentha chimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo wa njira yoyendetsera kutentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya ngati chosinthira kutentha ndiko kuyambitsa mpweya mwachindunji kuti udutse mu module ya batri kuti ukwaniritse cholinga chotulutsa kutentha. Kawirikawiri, mafani, mpweya wolowera ndi wotuluka ndi zida zina ndizofunikira.
Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana a mpweya wolowa, nthawi zambiri pali mitundu iyi:
1 Kuziziritsa pang'ono ndi mpweya wotuluka kunja
2. Kuziziritsa/kutentha pang'ono kuti mpweya ulowe m'chipinda cha okwera
3. Kuziziritsa/kutentha mpweya wakunja kapena wa m'chipinda cha okwera
Kapangidwe ka dongosolo lopanda mphamvu ndi kosavuta ndipo kamagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji malo omwe alipo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati batire ikufunika kutenthedwa nthawi yozizira, malo otentha omwe ali m'chipinda chonyamulira angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupumira mpweya. Ngati kutentha kwa batire kuli kokwera kwambiri poyendetsa galimoto ndipo mpweya womwe uli m'chipinda chonyamulira si wabwino, mpweya wozizira wochokera kunja ukhoza kupumidwa kuti uzizire.

Pa makina ogwirira ntchito, makina osiyana amafunika kukhazikitsidwa kuti apereke ntchito zotenthetsera kapena zoziziritsa ndipo aziyendetsedwa pawokha malinga ndi momwe batire ilili, zomwe zimawonjezeranso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi mtengo wa galimoto. Kusankha makina osiyanasiyana kumadalira kwambiri zomwe batire limagwiritsa ntchito.

Kusamalira kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati njira yosamutsira kutentha

Kuti kutentha kusamutsidwe pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati njira yolumikizirana, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kotumizira kutentha pakati pa gawo ndi njira yolumikizira madzi, monga jekete la madzi, kuti kutenthetse ndi kuziziritsa mosalunjika mu mawonekedwe a convection ndi kutentha. Njira yotumizira kutentha ikhoza kukhala madzi, ethylene glycol kapena Refrigerant. Palinso njira yotumizira kutentha mwachindunji pomiza chidutswa cha ndodo mu madzi a dielectric, koma njira zotetezera kutentha ziyenera kutengedwa kuti tipewe kufupika kwa mpweya.

Kuziziritsa kwa madzi kosakhazikika nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito kusinthana kutentha kwa mpweya komwe kumakhala ndi madzi kenako kumalowetsa zikwakwa mu batire kuti zisinthena kutentha kwina, pomwe kuziziritsa kwamphamvu kumagwiritsa ntchito zosinthira kutentha kwapakati pa injini zoziziritsira-madzi, kapena kutentha kwamagetsi/mafuta otenthetsera kuti ziziziritse koyamba. Kutenthetsera, kuziziritsa koyamba ndi mpweya/mpweya woziziritsa refrigerant-madzi.
Dongosolo loyendetsera kutentha lomwe lili ndi mpweya ndi madzi monga cholumikizira limafunikira mafani, mapampu amadzi, zosinthira kutentha, ndi zotenthetsera (Chotenthetsera mpweya cha PTC), mapaipi ndi zowonjezera zina kuti nyumbayo ikhale yayikulu komanso yovuta, komanso imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya batri, gulu. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya batri kumachepetsedwa.
(Choziziritsira cha PTCchotenthetsera) Dongosolo loziziritsira la batire loziziritsidwa ndi madzi limagwiritsa ntchito choziziritsira (50% madzi / 50% ethylene glycol) kusamutsa kutentha kuchokera ku batire kupita ku dongosolo loziziritsira mpweya kudzera mu choziziritsira cha batire, kenako kupita ku chilengedwe kudzera mu choziziritsira. Kutentha kwa madzi komwe kumatumizidwa kunja ndikosavuta kufika kutentha kotsika pambuyo posinthana kutentha ndi choziziritsira cha batire, ndipo batire ikhoza kusinthidwa kuti igwire ntchito pamlingo wabwino kwambiri wogwirira ntchito; mfundo ya dongosololi ikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi. Zigawo zazikulu za dongosolo loziziritsira ndi izi: choziziritsira, compressor yamagetsi, evaporator, valavu yowonjezera yokhala ndi valavu yoyimitsa, choziziritsira cha batire (valavu yowonjezera yokhala ndi valavu yoyimitsa) ndi mapaipi oziziritsira mpweya, ndi zina zotero; dera loziziritsira madzi limaphatikizapo:pampu yamadzi yamagetsi, batire (kuphatikizapo mbale zoziziritsira), zoziziritsira mabatire, mapaipi amadzi, matanki owonjezera ndi zina zowonjezera.