Chimodzi mwa ukadaulo wofunikira wa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi mabatire amphamvu. Ubwino wa mabatire umatsimikizira mtengo wa magalimoto amagetsi kumbali imodzi, ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi kumbali inayo. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti avomerezedwe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu.
Malinga ndi makhalidwe ogwiritsira ntchito, zofunikira ndi magawo ogwiritsira ntchito mabatire amagetsi, mitundu yofufuzira ndi kupanga mabatire amagetsi kunyumba ndi kunja ndi: mabatire a lead-acid, mabatire a nickel-cadmium, mabatire a nickel-metal hydride, mabatire a lithiamu-ion, maselo amafuta, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabatire a lithiamu-ion azisamalidwa kwambiri.
Khalidwe lopanga kutentha kwa batri yamagetsi
Gwero la kutentha, kuchuluka kwa kutentha, mphamvu ya kutentha kwa batri ndi zina zokhudzana ndi gawo la batri yamagetsi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa batri. Kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi batri kumadalira mtundu wa mankhwala, makina ndi magetsi komanso mawonekedwe a batri, makamaka mtundu wa reaction ya electrochemical. Mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imapangidwa mu reaction ya batri imatha kufotokozedwa ndi kutentha kwa reaction ya batri Qr; polarization ya electrochemical imapangitsa kuti voltage yeniyeni ya batri isiyane ndi mphamvu yake yofanana ya electromotive, ndipo kutayika kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha polarization ya batri kumafotokozedwa ndi Qp. Kuphatikiza pa reaction ya batri yomwe imachitika motsatira equation ya reaction, palinso zina zomwe zimachitika. Zomwe zimachitika m'mbali zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa electrolyte ndi kudzitulutsa kwa batri. Kutentha kwa mbali komwe kumapangidwa mu njirayi ndi Qs. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa batri iliyonse idzakhala ndi kukana, Joule heat Qj idzapangidwa pamene mphamvu yamagetsi idutsa. Chifukwa chake, kutentha konse kwa batri ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa zinthu zotsatirazi: Qt=Qr+Qp+Qs+Qj.
Kutengera ndi njira yeniyeni yolipirira (kutulutsa), zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batire ipange kutentha zimasiyananso. Mwachitsanzo, batire ikamalizidwa nthawi zambiri, Qr ndiye chinthu chachikulu; ndipo pamapeto pake batire ikamalizidwa, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa electrolyte, zochitika zam'mbali zimayamba kuchitika (kutentha kwa mbali ndi Qs), batire ikamalizidwa pafupifupi mokwanira komanso kudzaza kwambiri, chomwe chimachitika kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa electrolyte, komwe Qs imalamulira. Joule heat Qj imadalira mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kukana. Njira yolipirira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri imachitika pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi yosasintha, ndipo Qj ndi mtengo wake panthawiyi. Komabe, panthawi yoyambira ndi kuthamangitsa, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yokwera kwambiri. Pa HEV, izi ndizofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya ma ampere makumi ambiri mpaka ma ampere mazana ambiri. Pakadali pano, Joule heat Qj ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imakhala gwero lalikulu la kutulutsa kutentha kwa batire.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a kayendetsedwe ka kutentha, machitidwe oyendetsera kutentha (HVH) zingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: yogwira ntchito ndi yosagwira ntchito. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a njira yosamutsira kutentha, machitidwe owongolera kutentha angagawidwe m'magulu awa: yoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya (Chotenthetsera Mpweya cha PTC), choziziritsidwa ndi madzi (Chotenthetsera choziziritsira cha PTC), ndi malo osungira kutentha omwe amasinthasintha gawo.
Kuti kutentha kusamutsidwe pogwiritsa ntchito choziziritsira (PTC Coolant Heater) ngati cholumikizira, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kotumizira kutentha pakati pa module ndi cholumikizira madzi, monga jekete lamadzi, kuti kutentha ndi kuziziritsa mosalunjika mu mawonekedwe a convection ndi kutentha kuyendetsedwe. Cholumikizira kutentha chingakhale madzi, ethylene glycol kapena Refrigerant. Palinso kusamutsa kutentha mwachindunji mwa kumiza chidutswa cha pole mu madzi a dielectric, koma njira zotetezera ziyenera kutengedwa kuti tipewe kufupika kwa mpweya.
Kuziziritsa kozizira kopanda mpweya nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito kusinthana kutentha kwa mpweya komwe kumakhala ndi madzi kenako kumalowetsa zikwakwa mu batire kuti zisinthena kutentha kwachiwiri, pomwe kuziziritsa kogwira ntchito kumagwiritsa ntchito zosinthira kutentha kwapakati pa injini, kapena kutentha kwa PTC kwamagetsi/mafuta otenthetsera kuti kuziziritse koyamba. Kutenthetsera, kuziziritsa koyamba ndi mpweya/mpweya woziziritsa womwe umayikidwa m'chipinda chonyamula anthu.
Pa makina oyendetsera kutentha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi madzi ngati cholumikizira, kapangidwe kake ndi kakakulu kwambiri komanso kovuta chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa mafani, mapampu amadzi, zosinthira kutentha, zotenthetsera, mapaipi ndi zina zowonjezera, ndipo imagwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu ya batri ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya batri.
Dongosolo loziziritsira batire loziziritsidwa ndi madzi limagwiritsa ntchito choziziritsira (50% madzi / 50% ethylene glycol) kuti litumize kutentha kwa batire ku dongosolo loziziritsira mpweya kudzera mu choziziritsira batire, kenako kupita kumalo ozungulira kudzera mu choziziritsira. Kutentha kwa madzi olowera batire kumaziziritsidwa ndi batire. N'zosavuta kufika kutentha kotsika pambuyo posinthana kutentha, ndipo batire ikhoza kusinthidwa kuti igwire ntchito bwino kwambiri; mfundo ya dongosololi ikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi. Zigawo zazikulu za dongosolo loziziritsira ndi izi: choziziritsira, compressor yamagetsi, evaporator, valavu yowonjezera yokhala ndi valavu yotseka, choziziritsira batire (valavu yowonjezera yokhala ndi valavu yotseka) ndi mapaipi oziziritsira mpweya, ndi zina zotero; dera loziziritsira madzi limaphatikizapo: pampu yamagetsi yamadzi, batire (kuphatikiza mbale zoziziritsira), zoziziritsira batire, mapaipi amadzi, matanki okulitsa ndi zina zowonjezera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-27-2023
